--- library_name: pytorch license: other tags: - android pipeline_tag: image-to-image --- ![](https://qaihub-public-assets.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qai-hub-models/models/ddcolor/web-assets/model_demo.png) # DDColor: Optimized for Mobile Deployment ## Colorize image from the black-and-white image DDColor is a coloring algorithm that produces natural, vivid color results from incoming black and white images. This model is an implementation of DDColor found [here](https://github.com/piddnad/DDColor/). This repository provides scripts to run DDColor on Qualcomm® devices. More details on model performance across various devices, can be found [here](https://aihub.qualcomm.com/models/ddcolor). ### Model Details - **Model Type:** Model_use_case.image_editing - **Model Stats:** - Model checkpoint: ddcolor_paper_tiny.pth - Input resolution: 224x224 - Number of parameters: 56.3M - Model size (float): 215 MB - Model size (w8a8): 54.8 MB | Model | Precision | Device | Chipset | Target Runtime | Inference Time (ms) | Peak Memory Range (MB) | Primary Compute Unit | Target Model |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | DDColor | float | QCS8275 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8275 (Proxy) | TFLITE | 249.068 ms | 0 - 332 MB | NPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.tflite) | | DDColor | float | QCS8275 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8275 (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 1989.568 ms | 0 - 720 MB | NPU | [DDColor.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.dlc) | | DDColor | float | QCS8450 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8450 (Proxy) | TFLITE | 169.0 ms | 1 - 262 MB | NPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.tflite) | | DDColor | float | QCS8450 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8450 (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 1235.43 ms | 1 - 253 MB | NPU | [DDColor.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.dlc) | | DDColor | float | QCS8550 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8550 (Proxy) | TFLITE | 158.008 ms | 0 - 34 MB | NPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.tflite) | | DDColor | float | QCS8550 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8550 (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 1124.836 ms | 0 - 46 MB | NPU | [DDColor.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.dlc) | | DDColor | float | QCS8550 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8550 (Proxy) | ONNX | 1127.711 ms | 0 - 167 MB | NPU | [DDColor.onnx.zip](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.onnx.zip) | | DDColor | float | QCS9075 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS9075 (Proxy) | TFLITE | 161.863 ms | 1 - 347 MB | NPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.tflite) | | DDColor | float | QCS9075 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS9075 (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 1112.75 ms | 1 - 661 MB | NPU | [DDColor.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.dlc) | | DDColor | float | SA7255P ADP | Qualcomm® SA7255P | TFLITE | 249.068 ms | 0 - 332 MB | NPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.tflite) | | DDColor | float | SA7255P ADP | Qualcomm® SA7255P | QNN_DLC | 1989.568 ms | 0 - 720 MB | NPU | [DDColor.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.dlc) | | DDColor | float | SA8255 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® SA8255P (Proxy) | TFLITE | 159.856 ms | 0 - 34 MB | NPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.tflite) | | DDColor | float | SA8255 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® SA8255P (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 1127.688 ms | 0 - 45 MB | NPU | [DDColor.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.dlc) | | DDColor | float | SA8295P ADP | Qualcomm® SA8295P | TFLITE | 176.33 ms | 0 - 239 MB | NPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.tflite) | | DDColor | float | SA8295P ADP | Qualcomm® SA8295P | QNN_DLC | 1229.554 ms | 0 - 394 MB | NPU | [DDColor.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.dlc) | | DDColor | float | SA8650 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® SA8650P (Proxy) | TFLITE | 159.691 ms | 0 - 35 MB | NPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.tflite) | | DDColor | float | SA8650 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® SA8650P (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 1120.366 ms | 0 - 48 MB | NPU | [DDColor.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.dlc) | | DDColor | float | SA8775P ADP | Qualcomm® SA8775P | TFLITE | 161.863 ms | 1 - 347 MB | NPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.tflite) | | DDColor | float | SA8775P ADP | Qualcomm® SA8775P | QNN_DLC | 1112.75 ms | 1 - 661 MB | NPU | [DDColor.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.dlc) | | DDColor | float | Samsung Galaxy S24 | Snapdragon® 8 Gen 3 Mobile | TFLITE | 112.938 ms | 1 - 356 MB | NPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.tflite) | | DDColor | float | Samsung Galaxy S24 | Snapdragon® 8 Gen 3 Mobile | QNN_DLC | 839.748 ms | 0 - 837 MB | NPU | [DDColor.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.dlc) | | DDColor | float | Samsung Galaxy S24 | Snapdragon® 8 Gen 3 Mobile | ONNX | 846.043 ms | 1 - 952 MB | NPU | [DDColor.onnx.zip](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.onnx.zip) | | DDColor | float | Samsung Galaxy S25 | Snapdragon® 8 Elite For Galaxy Mobile | TFLITE | 95.693 ms | 1 - 309 MB | NPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.tflite) | | DDColor | float | Samsung Galaxy S25 | Snapdragon® 8 Elite For Galaxy Mobile | QNN_DLC | 839.94 ms | 1 - 433 MB | NPU | [DDColor.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.dlc) | | DDColor | float | Samsung Galaxy S25 | Snapdragon® 8 Elite For Galaxy Mobile | ONNX | 859.57 ms | 1 - 565 MB | NPU | [DDColor.onnx.zip](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.onnx.zip) | | DDColor | float | Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 5 QRD | Snapdragon® 8 Elite Gen5 Mobile | TFLITE | 76.207 ms | 0 - 325 MB | NPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.tflite) | | DDColor | float | Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 5 QRD | Snapdragon® 8 Elite Gen5 Mobile | QNN_DLC | 700.968 ms | 0 - 608 MB | NPU | [DDColor.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.dlc) | | DDColor | float | Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 5 QRD | Snapdragon® 8 Elite Gen5 Mobile | ONNX | 690.838 ms | 1 - 673 MB | NPU | [DDColor.onnx.zip](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.onnx.zip) | | DDColor | float | Snapdragon X Elite CRD | Snapdragon® X Elite | QNN_DLC | 1179.236 ms | 81 - 81 MB | NPU | [DDColor.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.dlc) | | DDColor | float | Snapdragon X Elite CRD | Snapdragon® X Elite | ONNX | 1157.963 ms | 113 - 113 MB | NPU | [DDColor.onnx.zip](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor.onnx.zip) | | DDColor | w8a8 | QCS8275 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8275 (Proxy) | TFLITE | 3336.441 ms | 0 - 362 MB | NPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.tflite) | | DDColor | w8a8 | QCS8275 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8275 (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 5187.205 ms | 0 - 392 MB | NPU | [DDColor.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.dlc) | | DDColor | w8a8 | QCS8450 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8450 (Proxy) | TFLITE | 1772.082 ms | 0 - 395 MB | NPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.tflite) | | DDColor | w8a8 | QCS8450 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8450 (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 2974.197 ms | 1 - 290 MB | NPU | [DDColor.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.dlc) | | DDColor | w8a8 | QCS8550 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8550 (Proxy) | TFLITE | 1760.119 ms | 0 - 53 MB | NPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.tflite) | | DDColor | w8a8 | QCS8550 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8550 (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 2717.716 ms | 3 - 65 MB | NPU | [DDColor.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.dlc) | | DDColor | w8a8 | QCS9075 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS9075 (Proxy) | TFLITE | 1784.176 ms | 0 - 362 MB | NPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.tflite) | | DDColor | w8a8 | QCS9075 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS9075 (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 2832.254 ms | 0 - 397 MB | NPU | [DDColor.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.dlc) | | DDColor | w8a8 | RB3 Gen 2 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS6490 (Proxy) | TFLITE | 614.783 ms | 86 - 116 MB | CPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.tflite) | | DDColor | w8a8 | RB3 Gen 2 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS6490 (Proxy) | ONNX | 647.012 ms | 328 - 355 MB | CPU | [DDColor.onnx.zip](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.onnx.zip) | | DDColor | w8a8 | RB5 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8250 (Proxy) | TFLITE | 817.267 ms | 63 - 104 MB | CPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.tflite) | | DDColor | w8a8 | RB5 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8250 (Proxy) | ONNX | 526.175 ms | 325 - 349 MB | CPU | [DDColor.onnx.zip](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.onnx.zip) | | DDColor | w8a8 | SA7255P ADP | Qualcomm® SA7255P | TFLITE | 3336.441 ms | 0 - 362 MB | NPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.tflite) | | DDColor | w8a8 | SA7255P ADP | Qualcomm® SA7255P | QNN_DLC | 5187.205 ms | 0 - 392 MB | NPU | [DDColor.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.dlc) | | DDColor | w8a8 | SA8255 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® SA8255P (Proxy) | TFLITE | 1761.455 ms | 0 - 47 MB | NPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.tflite) | | DDColor | w8a8 | SA8255 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® SA8255P (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 2717.403 ms | 0 - 64 MB | NPU | [DDColor.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.dlc) | | DDColor | w8a8 | SA8295P ADP | Qualcomm® SA8295P | TFLITE | 2019.923 ms | 0 - 370 MB | NPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.tflite) | | DDColor | w8a8 | SA8295P ADP | Qualcomm® SA8295P | QNN_DLC | 3156.066 ms | 0 - 286 MB | NPU | [DDColor.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.dlc) | | DDColor | w8a8 | SA8650 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® SA8650P (Proxy) | TFLITE | 1762.868 ms | 0 - 24 MB | NPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.tflite) | | DDColor | w8a8 | SA8650 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® SA8650P (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 2716.067 ms | 0 - 66 MB | NPU | [DDColor.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.dlc) | | DDColor | w8a8 | SA8775P ADP | Qualcomm® SA8775P | TFLITE | 1784.176 ms | 0 - 362 MB | NPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.tflite) | | DDColor | w8a8 | SA8775P ADP | Qualcomm® SA8775P | QNN_DLC | 2832.254 ms | 0 - 397 MB | NPU | [DDColor.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.dlc) | | DDColor | w8a8 | Samsung Galaxy S24 | Snapdragon® 8 Gen 3 Mobile | TFLITE | 1337.685 ms | 0 - 381 MB | NPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.tflite) | | DDColor | w8a8 | Samsung Galaxy S24 | Snapdragon® 8 Gen 3 Mobile | QNN_DLC | 2046.081 ms | 0 - 440 MB | NPU | [DDColor.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.dlc) | | DDColor | w8a8 | Samsung Galaxy S25 | Snapdragon® 8 Elite For Galaxy Mobile | TFLITE | 1048.701 ms | 0 - 106 MB | NPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.tflite) | | DDColor | w8a8 | Samsung Galaxy S25 | Snapdragon® 8 Elite For Galaxy Mobile | QNN_DLC | 1786.258 ms | 0 - 285 MB | NPU | [DDColor.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.dlc) | | DDColor | w8a8 | Samsung Galaxy S25 | Snapdragon® 8 Elite For Galaxy Mobile | ONNX | 1947.273 ms | 47 - 256 MB | NPU | [DDColor.onnx.zip](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.onnx.zip) | | DDColor | w8a8 | Snapdragon 7 Gen 5 QRD | Snapdragon® 7 Gen 5 Mobile | TFLITE | 471.997 ms | 103 - 353 MB | CPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.tflite) | | DDColor | w8a8 | Snapdragon 7 Gen 5 QRD | Snapdragon® 7 Gen 5 Mobile | ONNX | 553.771 ms | 302 - 324 MB | CPU | [DDColor.onnx.zip](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.onnx.zip) | | DDColor | w8a8 | Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 5 QRD | Snapdragon® 8 Elite Gen5 Mobile | TFLITE | 925.38 ms | 0 - 111 MB | NPU | [DDColor.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.tflite) | | DDColor | w8a8 | Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 5 QRD | Snapdragon® 8 Elite Gen5 Mobile | QNN_DLC | 1500.827 ms | 0 - 423 MB | NPU | [DDColor.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.dlc) | | DDColor | w8a8 | Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 5 QRD | Snapdragon® 8 Elite Gen5 Mobile | ONNX | 1608.329 ms | 38 - 290 MB | NPU | [DDColor.onnx.zip](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.onnx.zip) | | DDColor | w8a8 | Snapdragon X Elite CRD | Snapdragon® X Elite | QNN_DLC | 2827.194 ms | 175 - 175 MB | NPU | [DDColor.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.dlc) | | DDColor | w8a8 | Snapdragon X Elite CRD | Snapdragon® X Elite | ONNX | 3266.117 ms | 69 - 69 MB | NPU | [DDColor.onnx.zip](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DDColor/blob/main/DDColor_w8a8.onnx.zip) | ## Installation Install the package via pip: ```bash pip install "qai-hub-models[ddcolor]" ``` ## Configure Qualcomm® AI Hub to run this model on a cloud-hosted device Sign-in to [Qualcomm® AI Hub](https://app.aihub.qualcomm.com/) with your Qualcomm® ID. Once signed in navigate to `Account -> Settings -> API Token`. With this API token, you can configure your client to run models on the cloud hosted devices. ```bash qai-hub configure --api_token API_TOKEN ``` Navigate to [docs](https://app.aihub.qualcomm.com/docs/) for more information. ## Demo off target The package contains a simple end-to-end demo that downloads pre-trained weights and runs this model on a sample input. ```bash python -m qai_hub_models.models.ddcolor.demo ``` The above demo runs a reference implementation of pre-processing, model inference, and post processing. **NOTE**: If you want running in a Jupyter Notebook or Google Colab like environment, please add the following to your cell (instead of the above). ``` %run -m qai_hub_models.models.ddcolor.demo ``` ### Run model on a cloud-hosted device In addition to the demo, you can also run the model on a cloud-hosted Qualcomm® device. This script does the following: * Performance check on-device on a cloud-hosted device * Downloads compiled assets that can be deployed on-device for Android. * Accuracy check between PyTorch and on-device outputs. ```bash python -m qai_hub_models.models.ddcolor.export ``` ## How does this work? This [export script](https://aihub.qualcomm.com/models/ddcolor/qai_hub_models/models/DDColor/export.py) leverages [Qualcomm® AI Hub](https://aihub.qualcomm.com/) to optimize, validate, and deploy this model on-device. Lets go through each step below in detail: Step 1: **Compile model for on-device deployment** To compile a PyTorch model for on-device deployment, we first trace the model in memory using the `jit.trace` and then call the `submit_compile_job` API. ```python import torch import qai_hub as hub from qai_hub_models.models.ddcolor import Model # Load the model torch_model = Model.from_pretrained() # Device device = hub.Device("Samsung Galaxy S25") # Trace model input_shape = torch_model.get_input_spec() sample_inputs = torch_model.sample_inputs() pt_model = torch.jit.trace(torch_model, [torch.tensor(data[0]) for _, data in sample_inputs.items()]) # Compile model on a specific device compile_job = hub.submit_compile_job( model=pt_model, device=device, input_specs=torch_model.get_input_spec(), ) # Get target model to run on-device target_model = compile_job.get_target_model() ``` Step 2: **Performance profiling on cloud-hosted device** After compiling models from step 1. Models can be profiled model on-device using the `target_model`. Note that this scripts runs the model on a device automatically provisioned in the cloud. Once the job is submitted, you can navigate to a provided job URL to view a variety of on-device performance metrics. ```python profile_job = hub.submit_profile_job( model=target_model, device=device, ) ``` Step 3: **Verify on-device accuracy** To verify the accuracy of the model on-device, you can run on-device inference on sample input data on the same cloud hosted device. ```python input_data = torch_model.sample_inputs() inference_job = hub.submit_inference_job( model=target_model, device=device, inputs=input_data, ) on_device_output = inference_job.download_output_data() ``` With the output of the model, you can compute like PSNR, relative errors or spot check the output with expected output. **Note**: This on-device profiling and inference requires access to Qualcomm® AI Hub. [Sign up for access](https://myaccount.qualcomm.com/signup). ## Run demo on a cloud-hosted device You can also run the demo on-device. ```bash python -m qai_hub_models.models.ddcolor.demo --eval-mode on-device ``` **NOTE**: If you want running in a Jupyter Notebook or Google Colab like environment, please add the following to your cell (instead of the above). ``` %run -m qai_hub_models.models.ddcolor.demo -- --eval-mode on-device ``` ## Deploying compiled model to Android The models can be deployed using multiple runtimes: - TensorFlow Lite (`.tflite` export): [This tutorial](https://www.tensorflow.org/lite/android/quickstart) provides a guide to deploy the .tflite model in an Android application. - QNN (`.so` export ): This [sample app](https://docs.qualcomm.com/bundle/publicresource/topics/80-63442-50/sample_app.html) provides instructions on how to use the `.so` shared library in an Android application. ## View on Qualcomm® AI Hub Get more details on DDColor's performance across various devices [here](https://aihub.qualcomm.com/models/ddcolor). Explore all available models on [Qualcomm® AI Hub](https://aihub.qualcomm.com/) ## License * The license for the original implementation of DDColor can be found [here](https://github.com/piddnad/DDColor/blob/master/LICENSE). * The license for the compiled assets for on-device deployment can be found [here](https://qaihub-public-assets.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qai-hub-models/Qualcomm+AI+Hub+Proprietary+License.pdf) ## References * [DDColor: Towards Photo-Realistic Image Colorization via Dual Decoders](https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.03545) * [Source Model Implementation](https://github.com/piddnad/DDColor/) ## Community * Join [our AI Hub Slack community](https://aihub.qualcomm.com/community/slack) to collaborate, post questions and learn more about on-device AI. * For questions or feedback please [reach out to us](mailto:ai-hub-support@qti.qualcomm.com).