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https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.15713 • 11 items • Updated
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Helminths (worms) are one of the most successful organisms in nature given their ability to infect millions of humans and animals worldwide.,Their success can be attributed to their ability to modulate the host immune response for their own benefit by releasing excretory-secretory (ES) products.,Accordingly, ES product... | The expression of T regulatory cells (Foxp3), regulatory (interleukin [IL]-10 and transforming growth factor beta [TGF-β]) and proinflammatory (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] and interleukin [IL]-1β) cytokines was quantified using real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in the liver of sheep during early sta... | 1 |
Current World Health Organization and national protocols recommend the ‘test and treat’ strategy for the management of uncomplicated malaria, to reduce over prescription of artemisinin-based combination treatment (ACT).,Therefore, adherence to these protocols varies in different sub-Saharan African countries and no inf... | In 2010, the World Health Organization revised guidelines to recommend diagnosis of all suspected malaria cases prior to treatment.,There has been no systematic assessment of malaria test uptake for pediatric fevers at the population level as countries start implementing guidelines.,We examined test use for pediatric f... | 1 |
To perform environmental sampling and molecular identification of Paragonimus in endemic regions, which may help in minimizing transmission among humans.,Mountain crabs from the genus Potamiscus were collected and the encysted metacercariae were extracted and subjected to morphological identification, followed by anima... | Paragonimus spp. (lung flukes) are among the most injurious foodborne helminths, infecting ∼23 million people and subjecting ∼292 million to infection risk.,Paragonimiasis is acquired from infected undercooked crustaceans and primarily affects the lungs but often causes lesions elsewhere including the brain.,The diseas... | 1 |
Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) using sulphurdoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is one of key malaria control strategies in Africa.,Yet, IPTp coverage rates across Africa are still low due to several demand and supply constraints.,Many countries implement the IPTp-SP strategy at antenatal care (... | While coverage of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLIN) has steadily increased, a growing number of studies report gaps between net ownership and use.,We conducted a mixed-methods social science study assessing the importance of net preference and use after Olyset® LLINs were distributed through a mass campaign ... | 1 |
Malaria remains a serious public health problem in Cameroon.,Implementation of control interventions requires prior knowledge of the local epidemiological situation.,Here we report the results of epidemiological and entomological surveys carried out in Tibati, Adamawa Region, Cameroon, an area where malaria transmissio... | As indigenous malaria has decreased over recent decades, the increasing number of imported malaria cases has provided a new challenge for China.,The proportion of imported cases due to Plasmodium ovale has increased during this time, and the difference between P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri is of importance.,T... | 1 |
Background.,Current malaria diagnostic tests, including microscopy and antigen-detecting rapid tests, cannot reliably detect low-density infections.,Molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are highly sensitive but remain too complex for field deployment.,A new commercial molecular assay based on loop-... | The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay, with its advantages of simplicity, rapidity and cost effectiveness, has evolved as one of the most sensitive and specific methods for the detection of a broad range of pathogenic microorganisms including African trypanosomes.,While many LAMP-based assays are suff... | 1 |
Human to vector transmission of malaria requires that some blood stage parasites abandon asexual growth and convert into non-replicating sexual forms called gametocytes.,The initial steps of gametocytogenesis remain largely uncharacterized.,Here we studied this part of the malaria life cycle in Plasmodium falciparum us... | Plasmodium falciparum immature gametocytes accumulate in the bone marrow, but their exact location in this tissue remains unclear.,The stage and deposition pattern of gametocytes was analysed on histological sections of a bone marrow sample collected in a patient with subacute P. falciparum malaria.,A majority (89%) of... | 1 |
COVID-19 has the potential to cause substantial disruptions to health services, due to cases overburdening the health system or response measures limiting usual programmatic activities.,We aimed to quantify the extent to which disruptions to services for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria in low-income and middle-income co... | The development and spread of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Greater Mekong Subregion has created impetus for continuing global monitoring of efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs).,This post analyses is aimed to evaluate changes in early treatment response markers 10 years a... | 1 |
Trypanosoma cruzi infection via oral route results in outbreaks or cases of acute Chagas disease (ACD) in different Brazilian regions and poses a novel epidemiological scenario.,In the Espírito Santo state (southeastern Brazil), a fatal case of a patient with ACD led us to investigate the enzootic scenario to avoid the... | Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is a major public health burden in Latin America and a potentially serious emerging threat to a number of countries throughout the world.,Although public health programs have significantly reduced the prevalence of Chagas disease in Latin America in re... | 1 |
Malaria is a major public health problem in Cameroon.,The study of the genetic diversity within parasite population is essential for understanding the mechanism underlying malaria pathology and to determine parasite clones profile in an infection, for proper malaria control strategies.,The objective of this study was t... | An accurate diagnosis is essential for the rapid and appropriate treatment of malaria.,The accuracy of the histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2)-based rapid diagnostic test (RDT) Palutop+4® was assessed here.,One possible factor contributing to the failure to detect malaria by this test is the diversity of the parasite PfH... | 1 |
Achieving a malaria-free world presents exciting scientific challenges as well as overwhelming health, equity, and economic benefits.,WHO and countries are setting ambitious goals for reducing the burden and eliminating malaria through the “Global Technical Strategy” and 21 countries are aiming to eliminate malaria by ... | Since the year 2000, a concerted campaign against malaria has led to unprecedented levels of intervention coverage across sub-Saharan Africa.,Understanding the effect of this control effort is vital to inform future control planning.,However, the effect of malaria interventions across the varied epidemiological setting... | 1 |
Protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania cause severe human and veterinary diseases worldwide, termed leishmaniases.,A hallmark of Leishmania biology is its capacity to adapt to a variety of unpredictable fluctuations inside its human host, notably pharmacological interventions, thus, causing drug resistance.,Here w... | Leishmaniases are tropical zoonotic diseases, caused by kinetoplastid parasites from the genus Leishmania.,New World (NW) species are related to sylvatic cycles although urbanization processes have been reported in some South American Countries such as Colombia.,Currently, few studies show the relative distribution of ... | 1 |
Efforts to control Schistosoma mansoni infection depend on the ability of programs to effectively detect and quantify infection levels and adjust programmatic approaches based on these levels and program goals.,One of the three major objectives of the Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation (... | Moving from malaria control to elimination requires national malaria control programmes to implement strategies to detect both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases in the community.,In order to do this, malaria elimination programmes follow up malaria cases reported by health facilities to carry out case investigations t... | 1 |
Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic pathogen worldwide.,Extensive genetic diversity and complex population structures exist in C. parvum in different geographical regions and hosts.,Unlike the IIa subtype family, which is responsible for most zoonotic C. parvum infections in industrialized countries, IId is identified... | •An outbreak of severe diarrhea was caused by Cryptosporidium parvum IIdA19G1 in dairy calves.,•Concurrence of rotavirus was present, but not as a significant cause of diarrhea in the investigation.,•Cryptosporidium parvum infection was associated with the occurrence of watery diarrhea in calves.,•Cryptosporidium ryana... | 1 |
Malaria is a disease with diverse symptoms depending on host immune status and pathogenicity of Plasmodium parasites.,The continuous parasite growth within a host suggests mechanisms of immune evasion by the parasite and/or immune inhibition in response to infection.,To identify pathways commonly inhibited after malari... | Antibodies (Abs) are critical for immunity to malaria.,However, Plasmodium falciparum specific Abs decline rapidly in absence of reinfection, suggesting impaired immunological memory.,This study determines whether residents of Sweden that were treated for malaria following international travel maintained long‐lasting m... | 1 |
In endemic regions, the age distribution of malaria varies according to the infecting Plasmodium species.,We aimed to delineate the pattern of malaria-related hospitalization from birth in Timika, Papua-an area co-endemic for P. falciparum and P. vivax,Between April 2004 and December 2013, infants born at Mitra Masyara... | Ric Price and colleagues use hospital-based surveillance data to estimate the risk of severe anemia and mortality associated with endemic Plasmodium species in southern Papua, Indonesia.,Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary,The burden of anemia attributable to non-falciparum malarias in regions with... | 1 |
Historically, the target in the schistosomiasis control has shifted from infection to morbidity, then back to infection, but now as a public health problem, before moving on to transmission control.,Currently, all endemic countries are encouraged to increase control efforts and move towards elimination as required by t... | Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by infection with blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma.,Transmission of, and exposure to, the parasite result from faecal or urinary contamination of freshwater containing intermediate host snails, and dermal contact with the same water.,The World Health Assembly resolution 65.21 fr... | 1 |
The dire lack of information concerning the epidemiology of human scabies in Cameroon, especially in school milieus brought us to undertake the present study which aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of scabies in Cameroonian boarding schools.,A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to ... | Various dermatoses, due to their morbidity characteristics, have been shown to negatively impact on learning.,The most epidemiologically important seem to be the infectious types because of their transmissibility and amenability to simple school-health measures.,The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and se... | 1 |
Understanding how immunity to malaria is affected by declining transmission is important to aid vaccine design and understand disease resurgence.,Both IgG subclasses and avidity of antigen-specific responses are important components of an effective immune response.,Using a multiplex bead array assay, we measured the to... | The study of antigenic targets of naturally-acquired immunity is essential to identify and prioritize antigens for further functional characterization.,We measured total IgG antibodies to 38 P. vivax antigens, investigating their relationship with prospective risk of malaria in a cohort of 1-3 years old Papua New Guine... | 1 |
In this study, we have utilized wild-type (WT), ASC−/−, and NLRP3−/− macrophages and inhibition approaches to investigate the mechanisms of inflammasome activation and their role in Trypanosoma cruzi infection.,We also probed human macrophages and analyzed published microarray datasets from human fibroblasts, and endot... | We utilized genetically modified mice equipped with a variable capacity to scavenge mitochondrial and cellular reactive oxygen species to investigate the pathological significance of oxidative stress in Chagas disease.,C57BL/6 mice (wild type, MnSODtg, MnSOD+/−, GPx1−/−) were infected with Trypanosoma cruzi and harvest... | 1 |
In Tanzania there has been a downward trend in malaria prevalence partly due to use of insecticide-treated bed nets for protection against Anopheles mosquitoes.,However, residual malaria transmission attributed to early biting behaviour of malaria vectors is being reported.,Knowledge of mosquito feeding behaviour is ke... | This paper responds to a recent call for malaria to be re-imagined by: explaining why it needs to be re-imagined; offering one possible way in which this can be done; and describing some of benefits for malaria control when it is.,This study involved conducting a 15-week photovoice project with 44 predominantly ethnica... | 1 |
The study of antigenic targets of naturally-acquired immunity is essential to identify and prioritize antigens for further functional characterization.,We measured total IgG antibodies to 38 P. vivax antigens, investigating their relationship with prospective risk of malaria in a cohort of 1-3 years old Papua New Guine... | Plasmodium vivax is a major cause of febrile illness in endemic areas of Asia, Central and South America, and the horn of Africa.,Plasmodium vivax infections are characterized by relapses of malaria arising from persistent liver stages of the parasite (hypnozoites) which can be prevented only by 8-aminoquinoline anti-m... | 1 |
Programmatic surveillance of intestinal schistosomiasis during control can typically use four diagnostic tests, either singularly or in combination, but these have yet to be cross-compared directly.,Our study assembled a complete diagnostic dataset, inclusive of infection intensities, from 258 children from five Uganda... | Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) are widely distributed in Cameroon.,Although mass drug administration (MDA) of mebendazole is implemented nationwide, treatment with praziquantel was so far limited to the three northern regions and few health districts in the southern part of Cameroon, based on ... | 1 |
Malaria control is mainly based on indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated bed nets.,The efficacy of these tools depends on the behaviour of mosquitoes, which varies by species.,With resistance to insecticides, mosquitoes adapt their behaviour to ensure their survival and reproduction.,The aim of this study wa... | Global maps, in particular those based on vector distributions, have long been used to help visualise the global extent of malaria.,Few, however, have been created with the support of a comprehensive and extensive evidence-based approach.,Here we describe the generation of a global map of the dominant vector species (D... | 1 |
In the era of malaria elimination and eradication, drug-based and vaccine-based approaches to reduce malaria transmission are receiving greater attention.,Such interventions require assays that reliably measure the transmission of Plasmodium from humans to Anopheles mosquitoes.,We compared two commonly used mosquito fe... | There is renewed acknowledgement that targeting gametocytes is essential for malaria control and elimination efforts.,Simple mathematical models were fitted to data from clinical trials in order to determine the mean gametocyte circulation time and duration of gametocyte carriage in treated malaria patients.,Data were ... | 1 |
The goal to eliminate malaria from the Asia-Pacific by 2030 will require the safe and widespread delivery of effective radical cure of malaria.,In October 2017, the Asia Pacific Malaria Elimination Network Vivax Working Group met to discuss the impediments to primaquine (PQ) radical cure, how these can be overcome and ... | Most hematophagous insects use host odours as chemical cues.,The odour components, some physiological parameters and host attractiveness are affected by several conditions, including infection by parasites, e.g., plasmodia and, therefore, change the epidemiological scenario.,This study evaluated the attractiveness of i... | 1 |
Approximately 2 billion people currently suffer from intestinal helminth infections, which are typically chronic in nature and result in growth retardation, vitamin A deficiency, anemia and poor cognitive function.,Such chronicity results from co-evolution between helminths and their mammalian hosts; however, the molec... | Helminth parasites are of considerable medical and economic importance.,Studies of the immune response against helminths are of great interest in understanding interactions between the host immune system and parasites.,Effector immune mechanisms against tissue-dwelling helminths and helminths localized in the lumen of ... | 1 |
The human helminth infections include ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm infections, schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis (LF) and onchocerciasis.,It is estimated that almost 2 billion people worldwide are infected with helminths.,Whilst the WHO treatment guidelines for helminth infections are mostly aimed at controll... | Parasitic infections affect tens of millions of pregnant women worldwide, and directly or indirectly lead to a spectrum of adverse maternal and fetal/placental effects.,The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending a... | 1 |
There is a long history of considering the constituent components of malaria risk and the malaria transmission cycle via the use of mathematical models, yet strategic planning in endemic countries tends not to take full advantage of available disease intelligence to tailor interventions.,National malaria programmes typ... | As more regions approach malaria elimination, understanding how different interventions interact to reduce transmission becomes critical.,The Lake Kariba area of Southern Province, Zambia, is part of a multi-country elimination effort and presents a particular challenge as it is an interconnected region of variable tra... | 1 |
Carriage and density of gametocytes, the transmission stages of malaria parasites, are determined for predicting the infectiousness of humans to mosquitoes.,This measure is used for evaluating interventions that aim at reducing malaria transmission.,Gametocytes need to be detected by amplification of stage-specific tra... | Considerable declines in malaria have accompanied increased funding for control since the year 2000, but historical failures to maintain gains against the disease underscore the fragility of these successes.,Although malaria transmission can be suppressed by effective control measures, in the absence of active interven... | 1 |
Despite mass drug administration programmes with praziquantel, the prevalence of schistosomiasis remains high.,A vaccine is urgently needed to control transmission of this debilitating disease.,As some promising schistosomiasis vaccine candidates are moving through pre-clinical and clinical testing, we review the immun... | Urinary schistosomiasis, the result of infection by Schistosoma haematobium (Sh), remains a major global health concern.,A schistosome vaccine could represent a breakthrough in schistosomiasis control strategies, which are presently based on treatment with praziquantel (PZQ).,We report the safety and efficacy of the va... | 1 |
Since 2014, a considerable increase in Plasmodium vivax malaria has been observed in Germany.,The majority of cases was seen in Eritrean refugees.,All patients with P. vivax malaria admitted to the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf Germany from 2011 until August 2015 were retrospectively identified by the hos... | Primaquine is the only generally available anti-malarial that prevents relapse in vivax and ovale malaria, and the only potent gametocytocide in falciparum malaria.,Primaquine becomes increasingly important as malaria-endemic countries move towards elimination, and although it is widely recommended, it is commonly not ... | 1 |
Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying of insecticide (IRS) are the primary vector control interventions used to prevent malaria in Africa.,Although both interventions are effective in some settings, high-quality evidence is rarely available to evaluate their effectiveness following deploym... | The National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) has been using pirimiphos methyl for the first time for indoor residual spraying (IRS) in Benin.,The first round was a success with a significant decrease of entomological indicators of malaria transmission in the treated districts.,We present the results of the entomological... | 1 |
Despite the progress achieved in scaling-up mass drug administration (MDA) for lymphatic filariasis (LF) in Ghana, communities with persistent LF still exist even after 10 years of community treatment.,To understand the reasons for persistence, we conducted a study to assess the status of disease elimination and unders... | There is an increased focus on whether mass drug administration (MDA) programmes alone can interrupt the transmission of soil-transmitted helminths (STH).,Mathematical models can be used to model these interventions and are increasingly being implemented to inform investigators about expected trial outcome and the choi... | 1 |
Effective targeting and evaluation of interventions that protect against adult malaria vectors requires an understanding of how gaps in personal protection arise.,An improved understanding of human and mosquito behaviour, and how they overlap in time and space, is critical to estimating the impact of insecticide-treate... | Long-lasting insecticidal hammocks (LLIHs) are being evaluated as an additional malaria prevention tool in settings where standard control strategies have a limited impact.,This is the case among the Ra-glai ethnic minority communities of Ninh Thuan, one of the forested and mountainous provinces of Central Vietnam wher... | 1 |
Vector-biting behaviour is important for vector-borne disease (VBD) epidemiology.,The proportion of blood meals taken on humans (the human blood index, HBI), is a component of the biting rate per vector on humans in VBD transmission models.,Humans are the definitive host of Onchocerca volvulus, but the simuliid vectors... | Ghana is renowned for its sibling species diversity of the Simulium damnosum complex, vectors of Onchocerca volvulus.,Detailed entomological knowledge becomes a priority as onchocerciasis control policy has shifted from morbidity reduction to elimination of infection.,To date, understanding of transmission dynamics of ... | 1 |
Background.,Asymptomatic parasitemia is common even in areas of low seasonal malaria transmission, but the true proportion of the population infected has not been estimated previously because of the limited sensitivity of available detection methods.,Methods.,Cross-sectional malaria surveys were conducted in areas of l... | The duration of infection is fundamental to the epidemiological behaviour of any infectious disease, but remains one of the most poorly understood aspects of malaria.,In endemic areas, the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum can cause both acute, severe infections and asymptomatic, chronic infections through its int... | 1 |
Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are globally the first-line treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria and new compounds will not be available within the next few years.,Artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum emerged over a decade ago in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) and, compounded by ACT ... | The emergence and spread of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum impedes global efforts to control and eliminate malaria.,For decades, treatment relied on chloroquine (CQ), a safe and affordable 4-aminoquinoline that was highly effective against intra-erythrocytic asexual blood-stage parasites, until resistance arose i... | 1 |
Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens are transmitted by bloodsucking culicid mosquitoes belonging to Culex, Aedes, Ochlerotatus, Anopheles and Mansonia genera.,The detection of filarioids in mosquitoes for assessing distribution of vectors and/or of pathogens in a given area (also known as “xenomonitoring”), when... | Research is now focused on identification of sensitive and specific diagnostic tests for early identification of schistosomal infection and evaluation of chemotherapy in field situations in China.,This study compared loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with conventional PCR as DNA-based diagnostic techniques ... | 1 |
In Colombia, the cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common manifestation across the army personnel.,Hence, it is mandatory to determine the species associated with the disease as well as the association with the clinical traits.,A total of 273 samples of male patients with CL were included in the study and clinic... | Leishmaniasis is a highly diverse group of diseases caused by kinetoplastid of the genus Leishmania.,These parasites are taxonomically diverse, with human pathogenic species separated into two subgenera according to their development site inside the alimentary tract of the sand fly insect vector.,The disease encompasse... | 1 |
•2448 microsatellite loci were identified within 83 Mb of F. hepatica genome sequence data.,•A panel of 15 polymorphic loci were developed and validated using genomic DNA from 46 parasites.,•The panel was developed and optimised as a multiplex PCR protocol.,•All loci could be amplified from several F. hepatica lifecycl... | Opisthorchiasis is a neglected, tropical disease caused by the carcinogenic Asian liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini.,This hepatobiliary disease is linked to malignant cancer (cholangiocarcinoma, CCA) and affects millions of people in Asia.,No vaccine is available, and only one drug (praziquantel) is used against the ... | 1 |
Virulence of the most deadly malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is linked to the variant surface antigen PfEMP1, which is encoded by about 60 var genes per parasite genome.,Although the expression of particular variants has been associated with different clinical outcomes, little is known about var gene expression ... | Many questions remain about P. falciparum within-host dynamics, immunity, and transmission-issues that may affect public health campaign planning.,These gaps in knowledge concern the distribution of durations of malaria infections, determination of peak parasitemia during acute infection, the relationships among gameto... | 1 |
Although evidence suggests that T cells are critical for immunity to malaria, reliable T cell correlates of exposure to and protection from malaria among children living in endemic areas are lacking.,We used multiparameter flow cytometry to perform a detailed functional characterization of malaria-specific T cells in 7... | In areas mesoendemic for malaria transmission, symptomatic individuals play a significant role as reservoirs for malaria infection.,Understanding the pathogenesis of symptomatic malaria is important in devising tools for augmenting malaria control.,In this study, the effect of TLR9 polymorphisms on susceptibility to sy... | 1 |
Malaria morbidity and mortality has declined in recent years in a number of settings.,The ability to describe changes in malaria transmission associated with these declines is important in terms of assessing the potential effects of control interventions, and for monitoring and evaluation purposes.,Data from five cross... | In order to control and eliminate malaria, areas of on-going transmission need to be identified and targeted for malaria control interventions.,Immediately following intense interventions, malaria transmission can become more heterogeneous if interventions are more successful in some areas than others.,Bioko Island, Eq... | 1 |
Malaria is a major public health problem in Zambia with an estimated 4 million confirmed cases and 2389 deaths reported in 2015.,Efforts to reduce the incidence of malaria are often undermined by a number of factors such as human mobility which may lead to introduction of imported infections.,The aim of this study was ... | Malaria remains a problem for many countries classified as malaria free through cases imported from endemic regions.,Imported cases to non-endemic countries often result in delays in diagnosis, are expensive to treat, and can sometimes cause secondary local transmission.,The movement of malaria in endemic countries has... | 1 |
The efficacy of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) in pregnancy is threatened in parts of Africa by the emergence and spread of resistance to SP.,Intermittent screening with a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and treatment of positive women (ISTp) is an alternative approac... | Malaria parasite prevalence in endemic populations is an essential indicator for monitoring the progress of malaria control, and has traditionally been assessed by microscopy.,However, surveys increasingly use sensitive molecular methods that detect higher numbers of infected individuals, questioning our understanding ... | 1 |
Plasmodium knowlesi (Pk) is a malaria parasite that naturally infects macaque monkeys in Southeast Asia.,Pk malaria, the zoonosis transmitted from the infected monkeys to the humans by Anopheles mosquito vectors, is now a serious health problem in Malaysian Borneo.,To create a strategic plan to control Pk malaria, it i... | Two cases of Plasmodium knowlesi infection in humans were identified in Cambodia by 3 molecular detection assays and sequencing.,This finding confirms the widespread distribution of P. knowlesi malaria in humans in Southeast Asia.,Further wide-scale studies are required to assess the public health relevance of this zoo... | 1 |
Distinct Trypanosoma cruzi genotypes have been considered relevant for patient management and therapeutic response of Chagas disease.,However, typing strategies for genotype-specific serodiagnosis of Chagas disease are still unavailable and requires standardization for practical application.,In this study, an innovativ... | Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, presents wide genetic diversity.,Currently, six discrete typing units (DTUs), named TcI to TcVI, and a seventh one called TcBat are used for strain typing.,Beyond the debate concerning this classification, this systematic review has attempted to provide an inven... | 1 |
Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) interventions can reduce malaria transmission by targeting mosquitoes when they feed upon sleeping humans and/or rest inside houses, livestock shelters or other man-made structures.,However, many malaria vector species can maintain robust transmi... | The Malaria Eradication Research Agenda (malERA) Consultative Group on Drugs present a research and development agenda to ensure that appropriate drugs are available for use in malaria eradication.,Antimalarial drugs will be essential tools at all stages of malaria elimination along the path towards eradication, includ... | 1 |
Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous, intracellular parasite that envelops its parasitophorous vacuole with a protein-laden membrane (PVM).,The PVM is critical for interactions with the infected host cell, such as nutrient transport and immune defense.,Only a few parasite and host proteins have so far been identified on t... | Toxoplasma gondii cysts reactivate during immune deficiency and cause fatal encephalitis.,Parasite molecules that coordinate the development of acute and chronic infection are poorly characterized.,Here, we show that many intravacuolar network membrane and parasitophorous vacuole membrane-associated dense granule (GRA)... | 1 |
Plasmodium vivax has the ability to relapse from dormant parasites in the liver weeks or months after inoculation, causing further blood-stage infection and potential onward transmission.,Estimates of the force of blood-stage infections arising from primary infections and relapses are important for designing interventi... | Although some malaria-control programs are beginning to combine insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), little is known about the effectiveness of such combinations.,We use a mathematical model to compare the effectiveness of ITNs and IRS with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) or bendioc... | 1 |
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