CC12M-Camera

Per-image camera parameter annotations for the CC12M (Conceptual 12M) dataset (~10.97M images across 2,176 shards), captioned by the Puffin-World model.

The collage above visualizes the camera maps on sample images — each pair shows the up field (green arrows: the projected gravity-up direction) and the latitude field (colored contours: angle above/below the horizon).

Format

One .tar per source shard (0000.tar … 2175.tar), each containing one .json per image whose name matches the source image key (shard-local index). Source images: pixparse/cc12m-wds (same 2,176-shard layout / keys).

Each JSON holds the predicted monocular camera parameters:

Field	Meaning	Unit
roll	camera roll	radians
pitch	camera pitch	radians
vfov	vertical field-of-view	radians
k1	radial distortion coefficient	–
parse_ok	whether the model output parsed within valid ranges	bool

Example:

{"roll": 0.0123, "pitch": -0.0871, "vfov": 1.0123, "k1": 0.0000, "parse_ok": true}

Camera Parameter Distributions

Histograms of the predicted roll / pitch / vertical-FoV over the whole dataset (proportion of valid samples per 10° bin; parse_ok=False excluded).

split	roll μ / med / σ	pitch μ / med / σ	FoV μ / med / σ
all (10.90M)	0.2° / 0.0° / 5.7°	−2.8° / −0.3° / 11.8°	32.3° / 29.0° / 10.6°

• Roll is sharply peaked at 0° (web images shot upright/level).
• Pitch is centered close to 0° with a slight downward bias.
• FoV concentrates in 20–45° (median ≈ 29°), with a long wide-angle tail.

If you'd like a dataset with a more diverse and uniform distribution of camera parameters, please refer to our Puffin-4M and Puffin-16M datasets.

Dataset Download

You can download the entire dataset using the following command:

hf download KangLiao/CC12M-Camera --repo-type dataset

Caption Pipeline

Beyond this captioned dataset, we also release a complete captioning pipeline for annotating camera parameters for arbitrary datasets, analyzing camera parameter distributions, and visualizing the corresponding camera maps. The pipeline is available in our GitHub repository.

Citation

If you find the captioned dataset useful for your research or applications, please cite our paper using the following BibTeX:

  @article{liao2025puffin,
    title={Thinking with Camera: A Unified Multimodal Model for Camera-Centric Understanding and Generation},
    author={Liao, Kang and Wu, Size and Wu, Zhonghua and Jin, Linyi and Wang, Chao and Wang, Yikai and Wang, Fei and Li, Wei and Loy, Chen Change},
    journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.08673},
    year={2025}
  }