Astronomy Datasets
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Exoplanets, gravitational waves, pulsars, GRBs, FRBs, quasars, variable stars, and million-source radio/X-ray sky surveys in Parquet. • 104 items • Updated • 1
Datasets:
Dataset Viewer
The dataset viewer is not available for this dataset.
The JWT signature verification failed. Check the signing key and the algorithm.
Error code: JWTInvalidSignature
Exception: InvalidSignatureError
Message: Signature verification failed
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/libs/libapi/src/libapi/jwt_token.py", line 286, in validate_jwt
decoded = jwt.decode(
jwt=token,
...<2 lines>...
options=options,
)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/jwt/api_jwt.py", line 368, in decode
decoded = self.decode_complete(
jwt,
...<8 lines>...
leeway=leeway,
)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/jwt/api_jwt.py", line 265, in decode_complete
decoded = self._jws.decode_complete(
jwt,
...<3 lines>...
detached_payload=detached_payload,
)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/jwt/api_jws.py", line 270, in decode_complete
self._verify_signature(
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
signing_input,
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
...<4 lines>...
options=merged_options,
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
)
^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/jwt/api_jws.py", line 417, in _verify_signature
raise InvalidSignatureError("Signature verification failed")
jwt.exceptions.InvalidSignatureError: Signature verification failedNeed help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
Hubble Space Telescope Observation Catalog
Credit: NASA
Part of a dataset collection on Hugging Face.
Dataset description
The Hubble Space Telescope Observation Catalog is a complete index of every observation obtained by NASA/ESA's Hubble Space Telescope since its launch on April 24, 1990, drawn from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). Hubble's 2.4-meter primary mirror and suite of instruments have produced one of the most scientifically productive archives in astronomy, with over 35 years of continuous operation in low Earth orbit.
Each row in this catalog is one HST observation — a unit of telescope time executing an exposure with a specific instrument, detector, filter, and target pointing. Rows include the proposal under which the observation was taken (proposal ID, PI, title, category: GO, SNAP, GTO, DDT, CAL), the target (name, coordinates, moving/fixed flag), the instrument and detector (ACS WFC/HRC/SBC, WFC3 UVIS/IR, WFPC2 WF/PC, STIS, COS, NICMOS, plus legacy FOC/FOS/HRS/FGS), and the observation intent.
This dataset is the canonical reference for answering questions like: what has Hubble observed near a given RA/Dec? Which proposals used STIS for UV spectroscopy? Which targets have the deepest imaging coverage? It is designed for cross-matching with target catalogs (galaxies, quasars, stars, solar system bodies), for program-level summaries, for planning parallel JWST follow-up, and as training data for observation-recommendation systems.
This v1 provides observation-level metadata only. Per-observation timing and exposure data — which require joining with MAST's dbo.caomplane table (4.6M rows) — will arrive in a v2 as we build an async batched pipeline. For now, detailed timing/filter information can be retrieved per observation via the MAST Portal or the astroquery.mast Python package.
The catalog is derived from MAST's CAOM (Common Archive Observation Model) table dbo.caomobservation and is refreshed weekly as HST observations enter the archive. Calibration and engineering observations are included but are distinguishable via the intent column.
This dataset is suitable for tabular classification tasks.
Schema
| Column | Type | Description | Sample | Null % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
obs_id |
string | MAST observation identifier (e.g., 'hst_05773_54_wfpc2_wf_pc_f547m'); encodes proposal, visit, instrument, aperture, and filter. Primary key. | f05i0201m | 0.0% |
obstype |
string | CAOM observation type code: 'S' (simple), 'C' (composite) | S | 0.0% |
intent |
string | Observation intent: 'science' or 'calibration' | science | 0.0% |
proposal_id |
string | HST proposal identifier (string, e.g., '5773'); groups related observations by Principal Investigator's program | 1538 | 3.3% |
proposal_pi |
string | Last name, first initial of the proposal Principal Investigator | BRADY | 3.3% |
proposal_title |
string | Full title of the HST observing proposal | PRE-ALIGNMENT OTA CALIBRATION | 34.1% |
proposal_project |
string | Proposal project code (e.g., 'GO', 'GTO', 'SNAP', 'DDT', 'CAL'); GO = General Observer, SNAP = snapshot survey, DDT = Director's Discretionary, CAL = calibration | OV/OTA | 3.5% |
target_name |
string | Target name as provided by the proposer (may include survey designations, coordinates, or informal names) | 1538_2 | 0.0% |
target_ra |
float64 | Target right ascension in decimal degrees (ICRS). May be 0 for moving or calibration targets. | 165.9390011752 | 0.3% |
target_dec |
float64 | Target declination in decimal degrees (ICRS). May be 0 for moving or calibration targets. | -58.28425312885 | 0.3% |
target_moving |
bool | True if the target is a moving solar system body (asteroid, comet, planet, moon); False for fixed celestial targets | False | 0.0% |
instrument |
string | Instrument name: ACS, WFC3, WFPC2, STIS, COS, NICMOS, FOC, FOS, HRS, FGS (from 'INSTRUMENT/DETECTOR' split) | FGS | 0.0% |
detector |
string | Detector or observing mode within the instrument (e.g., 'WFC', 'UVIS', 'IR', 'HRC', 'SBC', 'PC', 'WF'); from 'INSTRUMENT/DETECTOR' split | WFC | 4.7% |
Quick stats
- 2,639,515 HST observations (1990–present)
- 2,174,868 science, 464,647 calibration
- 12,338 distinct proposals
- Top instruments: WFC3 (902,881), ACS (545,489), WFPC2 (377,101), NICMOS (345,395), STIS (245,716)
Usage
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/hst-observations", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/hst-observations", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()
# Science observations with WFC3 UVIS detector
import pandas as pd
wfc3_uvis = df[(df["intent"] == "science") & (df["instrument"] == "WFC3") & (df["detector"] == "UVIS")]
print(f"WFC3 UVIS science observations: {len(wfc3_uvis):,}")
# Proposals per decade
df["decade"] = df["proposal_id"].astype(str).str[:1].replace({
"5": "1990s", "6": "1990s-2000s", "7": "1990s-2000s",
"8": "2000s", "9": "2000s", "1": "2000s-2020s",
})
df.groupby("instrument")["proposal_id"].nunique().sort_values(ascending=False).head(15).plot.bar()
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.ylabel("Distinct proposals")
plt.title("HST proposal count by instrument")
plt.show()
# Cone search around a target (Hubble Deep Field)
import numpy as np
ra, dec = 189.139, 62.217
sep = np.hypot(df["target_ra"] - ra, df["target_dec"] - dec)
nearby = df[sep < 0.1]
print(f"HST observations within 0.1 deg of HDF: {len(nearby):,}")
# Instrument usage pie
df["instrument"].value_counts().head(10).plot.pie(autopct="%1.1f%%")
plt.title("HST instrument usage (observation count)")
plt.show()
Data source
Update schedule
Weekly (Monday at 13:30 UTC) via GitHub Actions.
Related datasets
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About the author
Created by Julien Simon — AI Operating Partner at Fortino Capital. Part of the Space Datasets collection.
Citation
@dataset{hst_observations,
title = {Hubble Space Telescope Observation Catalog},
author = {juliensimon},
year = {2026},
url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/hst-observations},
publisher = {Hugging Face}
}
License
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